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bza035 -- The Names of Sakka 帝釋名號的緣由

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別譯雜阿含: bza035 BZA English: 別譯雜阿含英譯 雜阿含: za1106 SN: SN,I,229 (Sakkanāma) Dhp-a: Dhp-a,I,263 (Maghavattu) cf. Dhp Dhp, 005 (Appamādavaggo, v.30) Sk(E): Enomoto 1994, no.1106 (SHT 5, no.1107 (JBRS, 54 [1968], p.34)) cf. Sk(W) Waldschmidt 1968c

bza035

如是我聞：一時佛在舍衛國 祇樹給孤獨園。

爾時有一比丘，往到佛所，頂禮佛足，在一面立，白佛言：

「世尊！云何名『帝釋』？云何作『帝釋相』？」

佛告比丘：

「帝釋本在人中，所有布施，生純信心。信心施於貧窮、沙門、婆羅門等。其所施時，施漿飲食，種種餚饍，種種華鬘，種種諸香，燒香、塗香、財帛、床榻。以是因緣，時諸天等名為『帝釋』。」

比丘復白佛：

「何故名帝釋為『富蘭但那』？」

佛告比丘：

「帝釋昔在人中，施無厭足。數數施故，諸天號名為『富蘭但那』。」

「以何因緣復名帝釋為『摩佉婆』？」

佛告比丘：

「帝釋本作婆羅門，名『摩佉婆』。」

又問：

「復何因緣名『婆娑 * 婆』？」

佛言：

「數數常以衣服施沙門、婆羅門。以是緣故，名『婆娑婆』。」

又問：

「復何因緣名『憍尸迦』？」

佛告比丘：

「帝釋本為人時，姓憍尸迦，故名『憍尸迦』。」

「復 * 何因緣名『舍脂夫』？」

佛告比丘：

「帝釋娶毘摩質多羅阿修羅王女，名 * 『舍脂夫』。」

又問：

「復以何緣名 * 為『千眼』？」

佛告比丘：

「帝釋本為人時，極大聰明。斷事之時，須臾之間能斷千事。以是因緣，故名『千眼』。」

「復以何緣名『因陀羅』？」

佛告比丘：

「帝釋居天王位，斷理天事，故名『因陀羅』。」

爾時世尊告比丘：

「能具上七事。以是緣故，諸天號曰『帝釋』。」

佛說是已，諸比丘聞佛所說，歡喜奉行。

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The Names of Sakka

Translation of BZA 035. First version published in Buddhist Studies Review vol. 23-1 (2006).

Thus have I heard, once, the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī at the Jeta Grove in the Anāthapiṇḍika Park.

At that time there was a monk, who approached, paid homage to his feet, stood to one side and said to the Buddha: “World-honored One, where does the name ‘Sakka’ come from? What are the characteristics of ‘Sakka’?”

The Buddha told the monk: “Originally when Sakka still was a human being, he generously made offerings, led a pure life and his mind was faithful. With a faithful mind he made offerings to the poor, the renunciants, the brahmins etc. When he made offerings, he offered drinks and refreshments, all kinds of hard and soft food, all kinds of garlands, all kinds of fragrance, incense, perfume, bags, and bedding. Because of this reason the gods once called him Sakka.”

Again the monk addressed the Buddha: “Why is Sakka called ‘Purindada’?” The Buddha told the monk: “When Sakka in former times was born as a human being, he made offerings without restraint. Again and again he made offerings, therefore the gods called him by the name of ‘Purindada’ [He who gives repeatedly].”

Again the monk addressed the Buddha: “And for what reason is Sakka also called ‘Maghavā’?” The Buddha told the monk: “Sakka was originally a brahmin called Maghavā.”

Again [the monk] asked: “For what reason is he called ‘Vāsava’?” The Buddha said: “Because again and again he offered clothes to renunciants and brahmins, for that reason he was called ‘Vāsava’ [the Clother].”

Again [the monk] asked: “For what reason is he called ‘Kosika?” The Buddha said: “Because originally when Sakka was a man, his clan-name was ‘Kosika’. Therefore he is called Kosika.”

“And why is he called ‘Sujampati’?” The Buddha told the monk: “Sakka married [Sujā] the daughter of the asura king Vepacitti, therefore he is known as ‘Sujampati’ [Sujā’s husband].”

“And why is he called ‘Thousand-Eyed?” The Buddha told the monk: “When Sakka was a man, he was extremely intelligent. When it comes to settle things, he could settle a thousand things in a short time. For that reason he is called ‘Thousand Eyed’.”

“And why is he called ‘Indra’?” The Buddha told the monk: “Sakka holds the position of king of gods, he is in charge of their affairs, therefore he is called ‘Indra’.”

At that time the World-honored One said to the monks: “He was able to fulfill the seven duties [mentioned] above, because of that, the other gods call him ‘Sakka’.”

When the Buddha had finished, the monks, having listened to what he had said, were happy and practised accordingly.

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